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查看完整版本: 关于美系和德系杜宾的探讨(大家要耐心看哦)

比比特特别 2004-9-16 20:12

关于美系和德系杜宾的探讨(大家要耐心看哦)

  关于美系和德系杜宾的探讨(Mr Rod Humphries)
America vs. Europe: Should the Breed be Split?
This article was originally printed in the Fall 1998 issue of the Doberman Quarterly, in response to a previous article written by Mr. Rod Humphries.
这篇文章原曾在1998年秋季的杜宾季刊(Doberman Quarterly)上发表,响应先前由Mr. Rod Humphries所撰写的一篇文章。

I started in the breed with show dogs more than 30years ago, and it was always very important to me that my dogs be good looking and have firm character with stable, social dispositions. The more I became involves, the more I wanted to learn about all facets of the breed, leading to an interest first in obedience, and later in Schutzhund. I maintained my strong interest in the show ring along the way, but even back in those early years I instinctively wanted a Doberman that was sound in mind and body-a total Doberman.
我早在30多年以前就开始从事Show dog的繁殖,一直以来对我很重要的是,我的狗拥有优秀的外表,稳固的性格和社会化的行为。我投入得越深,我就越想学习所有的有关此犬种的方方面面,致使我起先对服从性产生了兴趣,而后又对Schutzhund(工作犬的护卫性测试)同样产生了兴趣。在我这条比赛生涯的路途上,我一直维持着我强烈的兴趣,但是我甚至回到了我初期的那些年头里,在那些年,我本能地渴望着一只完整的杜宾——同时拥有杜宾的智慧精神和外表。

In the early Eighties I became very interested in Schutzhund. What attracted me was not only the intellectual challenge gained form this high performance dog sport, but also the information I could get as a breeder about the dog's inherent working drives and abilities. What Schutzhund provides is an accurate measure of the dog's trainability and firmness of character. Today the multiple advantages of Schutzhund training are taken for granted in the wider working dog community, but back in the early Eighties there was a lot of resistance from the mainstream American dog fancy and from within the Doberman community itself. This resistance can be explained in two somewhat related ways. First, people don't miss what they never use, and secondly, they were sold a false layman's perception that it was "teaching a dog to bite." These early misunderstandings have been getting dispelled as more and more mainstream dog people take up the sport and learn first hand about the benefits of Schutzhund. It is not only a safe and socially friendly form of sport for both you and your dog to enjoy, but the training and trial preparations also provide valuable information to the breeder about the dog's key inheritable instincts and general character framed within a formal test.
八十年代初,我变的对Sch非常感兴趣。吸引我的不仅仅是智慧的挑战构成了这出高性能的犬类运动表演,而且作为一个繁育者,我能够获得关于犬只内在的工作潜力和能力的信息。Sch对犬只在性格方面的可训性和稳定性提供了一个精确的评估。如今,Sch训练的多重的优势被许多工作犬团体广泛认可,但是在过去的八十年代处,有许多来自美国主流犬类爱好者和美国杜宾公社的反抗声。这些反抗可以通过两种不同的描述来解释。第一,人们不相信他们从未实用过的东西。第二,他们被一个外行错误的理解欺骗了,那就是Sch是“教一只狗去咬人。”当越来越多的主流犬类爱好者们开始专注于这项运动和当他们直接获悉了Sch的益处时,这些早先的误解逐渐被驱散了。这不仅仅是一项安全的,社会化的,友好的,而且你和你的狗都能够乐在其中的运动形式,而且这些训练和考验的准备给繁育者们提供了非常有价值的信息——在这场正式的测试里,犬类的本能的遗传和综合的性格构成。

Breeding for good temperament is part of our responsibility to this unique breed. Rather than run away from our responsibilities because we might not understand them fully, we should embrace them by educating ourselves. If you love the breed, preserve and protect it. Because some do not understand what correct working temperament is, they would have us breed lesser dogs to fit their own limitations. They even talk of making it into another breed!
繁育出优秀的性情是我们对这一独特品种的职责的一部分。逃避?那是因为我们可能没有充分地完全地了解它们,通过我们自己受教育后,我们应该和它们互相拥抱!如果你热爱这一品种,请好好地爱护它。因为有些人不明白什么才是工作犬的真正性情,他们想让我们繁育得更少以符合他们自己的限制。他们甚至谈论要使它变成另一个品种!
The first dog I had trained in Schutzhund was "Cara's Son of a Butch, CD, SchH1" (Chip), a loving family pet who developed into a versatile working dog for me. Unfortunately, his career was cut short by his early death from Cardiomyopathy at 5 years of age. His death was one of a series of signs I read to step back and take stock of the genetic problems I was repeatedly having to deal with. After years of breeding only American bloodlines, I had to face up to some hard facts: we have a lot of genetic health problems in the breed and, more importantly, we had very few breeders formally testing their stock for either their health or inheritable working abilities.
我第一只训练得到Sch的狗是”Cara’s Son of a Butch,CD,SchH1”,一只钟爱家庭的宠物犬,它发展成了一只万能的工作犬,对我来说。不幸的是,它的生涯因心肌病在5岁的时候被迫中断。它的死因是一连串的迹象之一,我回过头去钻研和观察这个我曾经重复必须处理的遗传问题。在只繁育美国血统的数年后,我必须面对一些困难的事实:我们在繁育里有许多遗传问题,而且更重要的是,我们只有非常非常少的繁育者正式测试过他们犬只的血统,或是它们的健康,或是他们内在的工作能力。

I wanted to find a way to break the cycle and began to look at experimenting with outcrossing to a new bloodline to give our domestic gene pool a chance to refresh itself. My thoughts were that a wider based gene pool would provide more possibilities to avoid doubling up on the inherited breed problems I had been regularly experiencing. There were no guarantees of success, but I felt that if the individuals were both excellent specimens of their respective bloodlines, then there should be room for optimism.
我想要找一种打破这种循环的方法,我开始着眼于通过异型杂交而产生一种新的血统的实验,从而给我们这个大家庭的基因库一次更新它们自己的机会。我的想法是建立在基因库会提供更多的避免使遗传问题加倍的可能性,这些问题是我曾经经历过的,并且是有规律性的。这并没有成功的保证,但是我觉得如果双方个体分别都有极好的标本血统,那么就我们就有乐观的余地。

My friends in Germany encouraged me to consider returning to the source and, moreover, to start at the top. With the help of friends and a lot of arm twisting, I was able to inspect, negotiate for, and buy Alida v. Flandrischen Lowen, SchH 3, BH, FH, AD, a German Champion and Bundesseiger *****, the only German Siegerin (best of breed ***** at the DV National) to be imported to America since Jessie v.d. Sonnenhoehe back in the Thirties. It is with great emotion that I say Alida has since passed out of my life after I put her quietly to sleep shortly before her 10th birthday, a victim of cancer. Yet it is with great pride I can also say that she was the cornerstone of a new beginning for me and provided me with the sort of genetic material I was looking for to start anew. Alida was a beautiful *****, free of the health problems that had plagued me up till then and possessing a fine character and excellent working ability. You don't have to take my word for it; she showed many people what Dobermans were all about.
我德国的朋友们鼓励我考虑回返到起源点,此外,从顶端开始。在许多人的帮助下,我开始为此检查,商谈,然后引进了Alida v. Flandrischen Lowen, SchH 3, BH, FH, AD,德国CH和Bundesseiger母犬,德国唯一的Siegerin(国际DV最佳犬种母犬)。在Alida10岁生日的不久前,当我让它安静地睡觉后,它便从我的生命里逝去了,一个癌症的牺牲者。至今,我同样可以自豪地说,它对于我而言是一个新起点的基础,它提供给了我几分我重新开始寻找的基因原料。Alida是一只漂亮的母犬,它摆脱了一直到那时为止折磨我的健康问题并且拥有非常优秀的性格和出色的工作能力。你不得不相信我的话,它向许多人展示了一只杜宾所拥有的一切。


I bred Alida to American Champion Electra's The Windwalker. To my delight, the hoped for results were immediately apparent in the first generation, represented by the high percentage of Champion (5), Schutzhund (2), CD titled (4), and generally clear health results from a variety of tests.
我通过Alida繁育了American Champion Electra’s The Windwalker。使我高兴的是,我所希望的结果立刻在第一代就显现出来了。被认为是获得Champion(5),Schutzhund(2),CD titled(4)百分率很高的象征,并且经过多种测试表明它呈现着一般的清晰的健康结果。

My many successful outcrossing experiences since Alida underline why it is extremely important not to cut off our own noses to spite our faces. We must keep in mind the genetic base of the Doberman breed worldwide is extremely narrow. Therefore, it borders on insane irresponsibility to contemplate restricting it even further, preventing our breeders from having the choice of accessing broader based gene pools developed in other countries. Nor do I believe that anyone has the right to dictate to another fellow breeder that he or she cannot use foreign bloodlines to refresh or improve specific aspects of their breeding program.
自从Alida以后我的许多成功的异型杂交的经验强调:为什么不要切断我们的鼻子使之困扰我们的脸是极其重要的。(他这句话的意思可能是一味地引进外国的杜宾而导致美国本土的杜宾断绝。)我们必须紧记全世界杜宾的遗传基础是极其严密的。因此,企图约束,或者更进一步的——防止我们的繁育者们有存取其他国家更加宽阔的基础基因库的选择权是非常愚蠢的和不负责任的。我也不相信任何人有权利命令其他的繁育者,他/她不能使用国外的血统来更新或改善他们自己繁育计划中某一特殊的方面。


In my opinion, breed policies based on an animal's nationality have nothing to do with the breeding of better Dobermans. This is short sighted "political genetics," pure and simple. As we've all seen, a crippled political mindset didn't help the Russian nation become strong but instead weakened it internally. If the same sort of illogical protectionism is applied to breeding American Dobermans, then it can be seen that it won't help us remain a strong and viable breed force, either at home or on the international stage. No one gains if we shut our doors to the rest of the world. Everyone loses, at home and abroad.
依我看来,以一种动物的国籍为基础的繁育方针与繁殖更好的杜宾是毫无关系的。这是十足的目光短浅的“政治遗传学”。就像我们所看见的,一种不健全的政治思想没有帮助俄国变的强大反而在中心削弱了它。如果同样的一种不合理的保护主义被应用于美国杜宾的繁殖,那么显而易见的,这不会帮助我们保留一个强壮而可行的品种力量,不管在家里或是在国际的舞台上。如果我们对其余的世界关起门的话,没有人会获利。每个人都会失去,家,或是国外。
The new FCI standard has differences with which many, including myself, do not agree. Yet these differences are not so insurmountable that each other's dogs can't be easily accommodated within each other's show rings. (Indeed, how many dogs actually fit the description found in their OWN National Standards?) I've judged in several countries all over the world, including Germany, and it's my experience that a good Doberman is always appreciated as a good Doberman everywhere, no matter where its place of birth was or where it is being shown. Therefore, I think any differences in Standards are better addressed by encouraging dialogue rather than opting for elitism. Despite all the hoopla, I have yet to see one sound, concrete reason that would justify creating a separate breed.
新的FCI标准存在着争议,许多人,包括我自己都不苟同。这些差异并不是如此不能克服的以至于彼此的犬只不易在彼此的展示中适应。(确实,事实上有多少狗能够符合他们自己创立的国家标准呢?)我在全世界的几个国家都做过裁判,包括德国,我的经验告诉我,一只优秀的美系杜宾无论在任何地方,永远都能够被赏识为一直优秀的杜宾,不管它出生在哪里或是在哪里展示。因此,比起选择杰出人物的统治论,我认为通过鼓励交流能够更好地演说标准的差异。尽管所有人都在喧哗,但是我仍然听见一个声音——一个将会证明创造一个独立的品种的具体的成形的理由。

In fact, I would be ashamed to have to admit to the rest of the world that Americans felt they had to embrace an isolationist policy in order to protect ourselves from foreign competition, instead of showing our grit and utilizing our breeders' common sense to breed the best to the best. We only reinforce our own strengths when we utilize the strengths of others. To do this, however, we have to be flexible in our thinking, and innovative in our breeding practices. The defeatist route is to take our ball and go home rather than play with the kid down the block.
实际上,我很惭愧地必须向全世界的其余国家承认,美国人觉得为了保护自己免于国外的竞争而不得不采用一个孤立的政策,而不是展示我们自己的犬只和利用我们繁育者们的判断力去繁育好之又好的犬只。当我们利用别国的力量时,我们只不过加强了我们自己的力量。此后,然而,我们的思想变得非常的灵巧,我们的繁育实践也变得非常创新。失败之道是比起和其他孩子一起在大街上玩球,我们拿着球回了家。

Any breed has to have a "Breed type." But breed type first requires a specific function to explain that type. Function is not a by-product of the breed standard, but its very essence. What "function" of any new American Doberman is so radically different it would require a separate studbook? In fact, it's been the LACK of functional achievement in too many of our breeding programs in the past that has been responsible for our loss of respect in the domestic and international working dog community and our loss of leadership in the International Doberman community in general. Dobermans are not just a pretty face. The reason most people buy a Doberman in the first place is because they wanted a natural guard and companion dog. This natural protective instinct MUST be understood and respected, NOT FEARED.
任何一个品种都有一个“品种典范”。但是品种典范的首位要求就是有一个详细而明确的作用来诠释这个典范。所谓的作用并不是说就单单是一个品种标准的副版,但是这同时也是最基本的。任何新的美系杜宾的“作用”是如此的截然不同,它要求的是一只个体的血统证书?事实上,以前,在许多我们繁育者们的繁育计划中,这正是我们在功能成就上的不足,而造成了我们在国内和国际工作犬公社的损失,而且也损失了我们在国际杜宾公社的领导能力。杜宾并不仅仅意味着漂亮的外表。大多数人买杜宾的首位理由是因为他们想要一位天生的卫士和一位伴侣。这种天生的保卫本能应该是给予理解和尊重的,而不是惧怕。
This is a breed whose inherent strength and nobility is reflected in its utilitarian from and character. The ways in which different nationalities choose to pursue achieving these specific characteristics might differ from country to country, but the breed ideal remains the same the world over. Is the American Doberman now going to divorce itself from this ideal? To roll over and settle for a lap dog dressed up in Doberman clothes? Just because some can't be bothered to educate themselves about breed fundamentals? If we don't understand the relationship to type and function, that's no excuse to ignore it. If the functional qualities slip away, so will the breed type and then we really will have grounds to start a new registry. This is NOT the case NOW and we should NEVER allow it to happen.
这是一个以它的效用和特征来表现它内在的力量和高贵的品种。而不同的国家可能选择不同的方法去达到这些详细而明确的特征,但是,最理想和最完美的仍旧是相同的。如今,难道美系杜宾将要脱离这一理想完美的标准吗?难道它们要翻身躺在地上满足于做一只披着杜宾衣裳的哈巴狗?难道只是因为有些人觉得就品种基本原则而训练它们太麻烦?如果我们不理解外型和作用之间的关系,那么,我们就没有借口忽视它们。如果我们屏弃了它们的功用性,那么也就是屏弃了它们的外型,然后,我们就真的可以为一个新品种而腾出一块地方了。这根本不是当今的形势!我们应该永远不让它发生!

14.Just as no dog is ever perfect, no country can claim total success at producing the ideal working, show, and companion dog. Official clubs in some countries have put real emphasis on developing an infrastructure aimed at stabilizing functional breed traits. Leading the way, Germany has been one of the most diligent. We should not see this industriousness as a threat, but as a challenge. Mostly we need to recognize that, internationally, our breed similarities are far greater than our differences, and in fact, even greater than our internal differences. Just because some nations place more emphasis on functional field testing than ourselves is no excuse to seek to discredit the other's exemplary efforts by underhanded and misleading propaganda about that country's dogs or policies. Remember no function, no type and no type, no breed.
没有任何一只狗是完美的,没有一个国家可以声称成功地繁育出一只不但具有完美的工作性,同时又是完美的show dog和伴侣犬。有些国家的官方俱乐部提出了他们所真正强调的是,以稳定品种的工作性特征为基础而发展。例如德国,它是最勤于此计划的国家之一。我们不应该把它们的这种行动作为一种威胁,而是当作一种挑战。有些国家比我们更加强调工作性能的测试,而我们也没有理由企图经由秘密的和易误解的宣传方式去怀疑他国的可仿效的成就,不管是别国的犬只或是政策。

15.The loudest advocates for selling the breed out seem to have the least understanding of what they are proposing to give up. With all due respect, Frank Grover has the least meaningful contact with Germany to test his odd assumptions. On the other hand, I and many other genuinely interested and open minded Americans have been liaisoning productively for many years and I can vouch that Germans are like people everywhere, and their dogs are just as good citizens in their society as our own are in ours.
即使用最大的声音来宣传提倡并卖掉它们,但是结果却适得其反,人们对它们的了解和理解却是最少的。Frank Grover带着所有的应有的崇敬之意,与德国方面联系协作测试他的偶然的设想,但似乎意义并不大。另一方面,我和许多其他真诚的对此感兴趣的人和思想开阔的美国人许多年来一直有着联系,而且我敢担保,德国人就像所有其他地方的任何人一样,并且他们的狗在他们的社会中也是非常优秀的公民,就像我们的狗在我们的社会中那样。
16.It's true that Schutzhund is the number one dogsport enjoyed by the large majority of working breeds throughout ALL of Europe (e.g., Holland, Belgium, France, Italy, etc.) and it's true that no Doberman in Germany can become a Champion without a Schutzhund title. However, the very fact it is so popular and successful-as a form of competition, as a breeding tool, and as a means for social interaction-merely underlines how compatible this sport really is for successful integration into high density populations. Many Germans own dogs but very few start out knowing how to properly train or socialize them. Nearly every German town has at least one Schutzhund club in the area to which local dog owners can go for help and advice. The service that these local clubs render to their community is recognized by Schutzhund titled dogs being granted cheaper dog registration and insurance rates. When I first began my visits to Germany and saw the great number of Schutzhund clubs and the social interaction within them, it reminded me of how very similar it is to our own Little League baseball fields which also are found in almost every town. The same fundamental experiences were occurring in Germany as in America where a sport was being taught and through this sport social interaction and rules of fair play, skills, and community price were developed.
毫无疑问,SchH是全欧洲排名第一的并且是大多数工作品种的犬只乐于其中的dogsport(例如荷兰、比利时、法国、意大利等)而且毋庸质疑,没有一只德国的杜宾可以成为CH,如果它没有SchH头衔的话。作为竞赛的一种形式,实际上它的确十分受欢迎十分的成功,作为繁育的一种工具和只不过是一种社会的相互影响作用的手段,它强调了此运动是多么的谐调——在高密度人口里的成功综合性。许多德国人养狗,但是非常少的一部分会主动去了解怎样适当地训练和社会化他们的狗。几乎每个德国的市镇都至少有一个可供本地犬主求助和咨询的SchH Club。这些本地的服务机构会给予他们经由验证的社团获准予和具有SchH头衔的犬只,还有比较廉价的犬只注册费和保险费。当我最初去德国拜访并看见如此规模庞大的SchH Club和在他们其中的社会影响力,这着实让我联想到这与几乎在美国的任何一个城镇里都有的棒球联盟团是多么的相象啊。还有一个发生在德国和美国相同的基本经验是:当一种运动被谈及,而且社会的影响力和公平的比赛规则、技巧贯穿其中时,那么公社的价值也随之发展了。


Therefore, ill informed people who attempt to portray the sport of Schutzhund as a trigger for producing dogs with poor or unmanageable characters are far off the mark. This portrayal is confounded by the factual reality found in societies where this sport is commonplace and their statements say a lot more about their own lack of knowledge of the sport than the reality.
因此,那些怀有恶意的并企图把SchH描述为一种使犬只产生拙劣的难以控制的性格的人是远离了初衷的。这种描述与在社会里发现的事实本体完全混淆了,实际上,在社会里,这项运动是平凡的并且他们作了许多的声明:比起事实,他们对此项运动的了解更加的缺乏。

There is even a theory being floated that if people use Schutzhund as a test for evaluating a dog's breed suitability, then dogs produced from such a test program cannot be socially suitable. People who promote this logic display their own lack of experience of the subject they seek to discredit. Their logic is equivalent to a witness of a car crash testing program saying that car models that pass such programs will be more susceptible to crashing. We all know quite well the opposite is true!
甚至有这样的一个理论浮出水面,那就是如果人们用SchH来测试犬只繁育的适宜性,那么SchH将会导致犬只在社会化方面的不尽人意。但是宣传这个理论的人却是显示了他们自己对SchH经验的欠缺。那些人的逻辑就等同于在一场测试中一起车祸的目击者说通过这样一个测试车子会更加容易相撞。但是我们都知道真正的事实恰恰与此相反!

Generations of selecting for dogs capable of passing a high level performance and social test have naturally created a gene pool better equipped to produce larger percentages of highly trainable, socially adaptable dogs. Selection for suitable Schutzhund traits not only produces more readily usable working drives that render a dog easy to motivate and helps them learn more quickly, but they also need courage and strong, steady nerves in order to accommodate the stressful social and combative pressures of the tests.
通过选择有能力通过高水准的考验和社会化测试的犬只,它们将会自然地创造出一个基因库——可以较好地产生高百分比的可训性高社会适应性强的犬只的基因库。要挑选与SchH特性相配的犬只,不仅是要繁育出工作性更高的犬只,易于激发和帮助它们更快地学习技能,而且它们也要有勇气,强壮并且为了适应紧迫的社会化和极其严格的其他测试,它们同样要具备稳定的神经。

I would say to those among us who advance shallow, emotional theories as a basis for promoting radical changes should instead be providing supporting data or have first hand experience as grounds to substantiate their theories. Rod Humphries' statements are also somewhat contradictory. On one page, he tells us that German dogs' "misbehavior" comes form their rigid Prussian upbringing; on the next page, he proposes this same behavior is caused by their having a "different" temperament (i.e., that of another breed). Is the argument for separation to be based on nature or nurture? Are separatists clear in their own minds on this-or anything-except their desire not to consider how our dogs fit into the breed as a whole?
我想说那些在我们中间领先于我们的人,那些宣传激进变革的基本原则和情绪化的理论的人应当被称为是提供了支撑的资料,或是说,是第一手的为证实他们理论而打下基础的经验之谈。Rod Humphrie的陈述也有一些矛盾的地方。在第一页里,他告诉我们德系杜宾的“品行不良”是来源于普鲁士人的饲养所致,但是他又同样提出这种行为是因为它们自身所“不同的”性情。(也就是“那另一个品种”)难道这场争论的基础是在于两者之间的差别是因天生或是抚养?那些分离派本身就清楚这点的区别吗?——除了他们自己并不期望我们的狗会和那些成为一个共同的品种。

There are other aspects of the separatist argument that are unclear. When Rod Humphries referred to courage and hardness, he doesn't appear to appreciate they have nothing in common with viciousness and aggression. In fact, a lot of temperament terminologies being used are used inappropriately. For example, "bitework" (found in the Protection Phase of Schutzhund) is equated with "unwarranted aggressive" behavior. I can only say the effects of training are far more distinguishable as a sound breeding tool. But admittedly it's difficult to debase sensibly with people who have no common background or understanding of the subject.
在这两派人里,还有另外一些不同方面的争执也不明确。当Rod Humphries谈及勇气和难度时,他似乎不赏识在邪恶和攻击性方面它们两者之间没有任何共同点。事实上,许多有关于描述性情的术语都使用地不恰当。例如,“bitework”(在<Protection Phase of Schutzhund>里发现的)这个词好比“无理由进攻”的行为。我只可以说训练的效果跟作为一种健全的工具是有很大的区别的。但是,不可否认,我们很难有效地降低那些对SchH没有基本常识和理解的人们。

Instead of Frank and Rod providing practical grounds to support a separatist philosophy, there is this attempt to exploit others' ignorance by inducing groundless fears, conjuring up images of vicious, snarling German-blooded dogs let loose on an unsuspecting civil society. (I think Rod or Frank have probably been watching too many re-runs of The Doberman Gang.) Wrapping hollow theories up in the American flag only patronizes our intelligence. National pride is not grounds to isolate our American Dobermans from the mainstream genetic pool. The only clear result of this will be to leave our dogs vulnerable the debilitating effects of being trapped within the confines of an ever declining genetic base.
但是,Frank和Rod支持分离派理论的实际经验却促使了另一些人的无知,引发了他们无理由的恐惧,使他们联想到邪恶的映象,混入德系血统的狗将会动摇一个安定的人民社会。(我认为Rod和Frank可能看了太多遍的Doberman Gang。)把虚伪的理论包裹在美国的旗帜里只是为了神气十足地显示我们的智慧。国家荣誉并不是使美系杜宾从主流的基因库里分离。对此唯一清楚的结果是这将会使我们的狗受任何一个衰退的基因基部的陷害而越来越衰退。


It does our breed a disservice to romanticize about the heroic yet lovable behavior of our home grown dogs while vilifying the "paranoid," "untouchable" behavior of the German dogs. It reflects poorly on our level of authority internationally when some of our best known breed personalities publicly stoop to airing irrelevant old wives tales about early German Dobermans are grounds to discredit the modern Dobermans being bred in Germany and elsewhere today.
当我们轻视那些“幻想”和“不可及”的事物,当我们传奇化我们家养的成年犬只的英勇行为和惹人喜爱的行为时,这对我们的狗是有害的。这反映了我们国际威信等级的降低,当一些我们国家著名的品种的繁育者公然地堕落在宣扬那些不相关的老掉牙的故事——关于如今早期德系杜宾使现代杜宾在德国和别处的繁殖丧失了信心。

rainbow 2004-9-17 09:53

好長啊,中英文對照哦!先copy下來慢慢研究!!! [s:26]

doberman 2004-10-13 20:42

顶一下,有看头!

黑山む老毛 2005-1-2 14:08

有见解啊~!

黑山む老毛 2005-1-2 14:08

有见解啊~!

比比特特别 2005-1-9 02:19

我个人还是喜欢德系的。

一岁就很酷 2005-3-15 10:32

我看过很多文章后,虽然我没养过杜宾,但我更是喜欢德系,我用一种比较偏激的言语来说,美系没的跟德系比,德系的规格都比美系的要更严格,有人会说德系的比较凶,我想说明,对与这种防暴犬来说,这不是缺点,恰恰相反,这正是他的优点,如果想温柔,就去养养小京吧、博美,但总觉得大老爷们牵只这样的狗不象个男人,还不如去养个乌龟、金鱼的好,呵呵!另外如果条件我很想喂一只小狮子(如果国家允许),或者蟒蛇、大鹰!我认为只所以现在很多人对德系的评价不高只不过是他有的只是美系的,比如阳光也是的,他自己喂的美系当然不会说德系的好了.
不过,不管德系美系,我个人觉得都很不错,同样是大型狗类,如果德牧、挪威拉、杜宾让我选择,我还是喜欢杜宾,从人的视觉效果来看,感觉肌肉发达,很精干,而其他狗类从视觉上不会有这样的效果。
另外我想说,中国的狗价有的偏高,我们没的比就拿国外的来比,但我们的国民收入也不能跟人家比,就比如美国一只杜宾标价2000美圆,对人家来说只是一个星期或两个星期的收入,国外很多公司都是一星期发一次钱,这跟我们国家的月薪是不一样的,而我们国家的很多狗场,喊价都是3、4千----好几万,贵的我不想说,就说狗场最便宜的价格3000吧,也跟国外比是很贵的了,现在国民都有多少人月薪能在3000以上呢,人家拿一个星期的收入可以买一条狗,按照人均收入来说,我们要用4个月5个月的收入,甚至是半年的收入来买一条3000圆的杜宾,就更不要说更贵的了,我觉得这也限制了杜宾在中国的发展,我想如果国人能够把眼光放的远一些。把利润不要看的过高,这样可以扩大杜宾的饲养者队伍,在不远的将来我们伟大祖国也能培育出自己的品种--中系,我们可以有一套自己的标准,有自己的俱乐部或协会,建立全国的杜宾档案制度,有利于全国范围的杜宾品系化的进化。到那时那时我们可以自豪的对美国人说,你们美系的都是垃圾!!!鄙视-鼻屎美系

一岁就很酷 2005-3-15 10:40

欢迎世界各地的友人到中国来选购中系杜宾种狗啊

doberman 2005-3-15 20:25

要形成自己的体系,中国人要学的还很多,路还长。

一岁就很酷 2005-3-15 23:41

你说的是,任何生物进化工程都不是一件简单的事情

doberman 2005-3-16 10:07

而且现在德系和美系杜宾都是比较成熟的体系,想在他们之上有所突出谈和容易啊。
不过有这想法是对的哈,这对我们杜宾的发展是积极的。

zjjs11979 2005-3-16 20:57

好棒呀你们

一岁就很酷 2005-3-16 21:00

英雄所见略同啊!如果我想从你那买可否给个金牌优惠价!

doberman 2005-3-17 11:08

好说哈,欢迎来成都!!

一岁就很酷 2005-3-17 21:05

谢谢哈,虽然你在火星,我在地球,但两个node间,我们又是如此之近,好,有空我真的去找你,也欢迎你来江苏啊,你这朋友我交定了,什么时候来我请你吃全国的一大菜系淮杨菜之软抖长鱼还有盱眙龙虾

doberman 2005-3-18 10:38

你真客气,来成都我请你吃地道的成都火锅,够辣的哦,呵呵~!

一岁就很酷 2005-3-18 15:01

哇塞~!好麻~!好辣~!哦~~~~~~吸~~~~~~~哦~~~~~~吸~~~~咳咳,我现在都能体会到啦~!

doberman 2005-3-19 09:54

呵呵~~!

一岁就很酷 2005-3-19 12:29

我今天舌头还麻的很呢 [s:41]

doberman 2005-3-20 11:09

没那么恐怖哦 ,四川火锅很香的。

一岁就很酷 2005-3-20 11:20

那是你们的舌头都是被从小训练出来的缘故吧!呵呵

多伯曼 2005-3-22 14:11

德系与美系
德国早期的杜宾犬身材矮小,皮毛粗糙,无任何美感。它们的性情非常凶猛,是ONE--MAN DOG。它们是好斗的,无畏的。这作为杜宾犬早期的首要因素,人们把它出售作为护卫犬。这些杜宾有能力做任何事,包括打猎,服务工作。但它们凶猛的护卫能力是它们最主要的魅力。它们从一生下来就被一个主人训练。在当时如果一只杜宾犬能被除主人以外的人触摸那它一定不是一只合格的杜宾犬。



美国杜宾犬俱乐部(DPCA)于1921年成立。采用1920年的德系标准,但当1925年新的德系标准出台以后,特别用强调的语言指出它凶猛的性格时,美国人犹豫了,尽管在十年以后美国人才有了自己的美系标准,那时的DPCA停留在1920年的标准上。



在1925年的德系标准里提到:“忠诚的,无畏的,勇敢的,极端的警卫犬,这个犬种表现出自然的,凶猛的性格和极高的智力,抛开它凶猛的性格,杜宾犬是具有非常高的服从性而且非常容易接受训练。它对气味的感觉非常敏感,具有非常好的忍耐力,是很好的家庭犬,伴侣和保护者。”



杜宾犬在美国的表现却使人日渐担忧。德系粗暴好斗,在公众场合必须佩带口罩,这一点明确了杜宾是ONE--MAN DOG。除主人以外无人能碰。在美国它的好斗性早已不被接受。



对杜宾犬明显的分歧出现于1935年的8月份。当DPCA制订出自己的标准时,改写了德系标准,特别在性情这一方面。美系标准仍然包括这个词“好斗”但新加上了缺陷“羞涩和粗暴”同时也除去了德系中的描述“对陌生人的不信任感”。1935年的美系标准是这样形容杜宾犬的性格“精力充沛,警戒的坚定的,敏捷的,忠诚的和服从的,无畏的,好斗的”



在1942年DPCA则彻底取消了这两个词“好斗”和“凶暴”这一杜宾犬性格的一部分,取而代之的是把“羞涩”作为它性格的主要缺陷。在1948年DPCA做出了一个重大的决定,宣告如果杜宾犬出现凶暴的,羞涩的表现,它将被取消参赛资格。这是DPCA做出的跨时代的一步,要知道在当时没有任何一个犬种在此前有这样的规定。一开始并不被美国养犬俱乐部所接受,但最终还是被承认了,那是历史性的一刻!



分裂的加剧



难道美国育种家软化了杜宾犬的性格吗?难道在育种的过程中美国人所培育的杜宾犬失去了它原有的护卫能力吗?许多欧洲的,德国的育种家非常强调的指出杜宾犬已经失去了它们原有的特性。



而美国育种家则坚决否认了这一点。他们争论的焦点在于是否延续杜宾犬原有的性格。美国人认为杜宾犬凶猛的性格完全可以在 Schutzhund (护卫犬等级考试)中得到充分的发挥。美国不同与德国。不同的文明,不同的法律,不同的生活方式,同时喜欢争论也是美国人的天性。事实上,在当时有许多保险公司不会考虑把拥有杜宾犬的家庭作为他们的客户。



直到今天这样的争论还在持续下去。美系对德系,我想这不仅仅是这两个国家对犬种的争论,同时也反映了这两个国家不同的修养,教化和不同的哲学。



德国对杜宾犬的育种是严格控制的。德国人严谨的作风注定他们培育的杜宾犬是十分注重功能性的,这是德国人的目标。近年以来德国人也不赞同太过凶猛地性格,他们想保留多伯曼先生培育的杜宾犬的强壮的外表,他们希望他们的犬种在护卫上表现出绝对地冷酷和勇气。这也作为他们的育种目标之一。德国杜宾犬协会规定只有通过(ZTP)的杜宾犬才能被配种。ZTP包括三个方面:1。形态测试 2.性格测试 3护卫考试 然后还要同时要求具有工作犬的工作证书(working certificate),至少要通过护卫犬一级考试(Schutzhund)。这样的狗才能被用来配种。再一次强调德国人对杜宾犬工作能力的重视。



这里我想大家都对美国有一个整体的了解吧?美国人喜欢创造,总是坚持自己的个性,不喜欢被支配,当然对犬类育种也不例外。任何一个犬种到美国它的体型或多或少都会发生变化。美国人按照自己的意愿调整犬的外观,绝大多数都成了SHOW级犬。所以在美国经过注册的犬都可以配种,没有其它条件。



美国人同样很尖锐地指出:难道德国就没有作为宠物的杜宾犬吗?而作为家庭犬的宠物犬就一定需要有什么“工作性能”吗?



德系与美系的不同标准



1.它们的拼写方法。德系继续使用杜宾犬的创始人dobermann的拼写方法,在最后有2个n。而美系使用doberman这个拼写方法,后面只有一个n。如果使用这两个拼法到YAHOO网上查,搜索到的将是不同的杜宾犬。



2.美系与德系的高度相差不多,美系公犬为26--28英寸,德系允许公犬的身高稍稍高于29英寸。美系对杜宾犬的重量没有规定。而德系规定公犬40--45公斤,母犬32--35公斤。



3.美系杜宾犬肩胛骨水平夹角为45度,与上臂的夹角为90度。德系杜宾犬肩胛骨水平夹角为50度到55度,与上臂的夹角为100度到110度。



4.美系大腿骨与胫骨的夹角大于90度,德系大腿骨与胫骨的夹角为130度。



5.美系跗关节与胫骨的夹角大于120度,德系跗关节与胫骨的夹角大约为140度。



6.美系承认黑色,红色,兰色,伊莎贝拉棕色的杜宾犬。德系只承认黑色和红色的杜宾犬。



7.美系对牙齿的要求为4个以上为缺陷。德系则要求一个牙也不能少。(牙好,胃口就好!)



以上几点是德系与美系标准明显的差异,以下是我个人的观点:



1.德系的背部要比美系短。



2.德系的面颊厚重,美系的面颊修长,偏窄(包括吻部)。



3.德系的脖子厚实,略微粗短,美系的脖子秀丽细长。



4.德系的前驱相对来说比后驱厚重,有点“前重后轻”的感觉。美系的前后驱相对比较平衡。



5.德系的后驱比美系的要结实,健壮,宽厚。



6.我看过很多德系与美系的照片,对比下来发现德系的截尾明显粗短,而美系的细长。虽然他们对截尾的标准一样。
.



德国和美国走的是两条不同的道路,我们谁也不能说哪条是对的,哪条是错的,我个人只是希望他们有朝一日能够合并成为一条更宽,更远的路!



[此贴子已经被作者于2005-3-17 1:20:36编辑过]

多伯曼 2005-3-22 14:12

德系的标准



整体外表:中等体型,体格强健,肌肉丰满。通过它的身体我们可以看到它优美的体型,所表达出来的是坚定地,顽强地,是一个接近完美的犬种。
重要比例:杜宾犬的身体几乎呈方型,特别对公犬而言。对公犬来说从肩膀到臀部的距离不要长于从马肩隆到地面的距离的5%,对母犬来说为10%。
行为与性情:杜宾犬的性情是友善的,镇静的,忠实于家庭并且喜欢和孩子相处。综合的气质,在它的主人的命令下能激发它猛烈的进攻,和主人能形成很好的默契,容易训练。它对工作非常投入,有很好的工作能力。有足够的勇气,冷酷的表情。它被塑造成自信,无畏的性格,在公共场合中有很好的可塑性。









头部:头盖骨---坚硬,强壮,和身体成一定的比例。头部成倒梯形。从前面看头顶线要直, 不能低于耳根,头顶骨于鼻梁保持平行,眉骨不能突出。无论从顶部或前面望去都不能显露出太多的垂肉。上嘴唇与面颊骨要与头部的长度有协调的比例。头部的肌肉发育完好。顶骨与鼻梁的夹角不能太大,但要轮廓分明。



面部:鼻子---鼻子发育完好,鼻孔宽,宽鼻好于圆鼻。黑色犬鼻镜为黑色,红色犬的鼻镜相对要浅。
吻部---发育完好,要与头盖骨有一个适当的关系。吻部要长,当嘴张开时可以看到它最里面的牙齿。
嘴唇---嘴唇清晰,黑色犬为黑色。红色犬的淡颜色的嘴唇是被允许的。
牙齿---发育良好,排列整齐,呈剪式咬合,共42颗牙齿。
眼睛---卵形,颜色深。红色犬稍浅的眼睛颜色是被允许的。
耳朵---耳根位置高。剪过的耳朵要与头部的长度有一个适中的比例。在禁止剪耳的国家垂耳也是被承认的。垂下的耳朵要贴近面颊。




脖子:脖子的长度要与头部和身体保持适中的比例。紧凑,肌肉感强。优美的脖子最能体现它高贵的气质。




身体:马肩隆---是测量长度与高度的明确点,特别对公犬而言。从马肩隆略成斜线下延至臀部。
背部---背部短而结实,从背部到腰部要有适当的宽度,发育完好。母犬腰部的距离可能要比公犬稍长,是为了能够更好的哺育幼犬。
臀部---宽度适中,肌肉强健。
胸部---胸长,胸深与身体要有协调的比例。胸深及肘部。肋骨稍稍弯曲,前胸宽阔轮廓清楚。
腹线---从胸骨到臀部要有明显的收腹。
尾巴---尾根位置高,断尾留两个关节。




前驱:总体---从任何一个角度看,前腿垂直于地面,总体发育强健。
肩部---肩部紧凑,双肩发育完好,肩叶延伸到胸廓及脊椎骨。肩叶与地面的水平夹角为50度
上臂---上臂与肩叶的夹角为105度——110度。
肘部---紧贴身体不可内翻或外翻。
前臂---强壮笔直,长度与身体协调,腕关节结实。
Pastern(球节与蹄间的部分)---骨头坚硬,从前面望去笔直,从旁边望去轻微倾斜,垂直夹角最多不可超过10度。
前脚---爪短而紧,爪为黑色。脚趾像猫爪般隆起。




后驱:总体---后驱发育完好。大腿骨到骨盆的肌肉发达,从后面望去臀部宽且圆,两条大腿笔直平行。
大腿---大腿肌肉极为强壮。长度,宽度适中。大腿骨与臀骨角度适当,大腿骨与地面的夹角大约为80度——85度。
后膝关节---大腿骨与胫骨的夹角大约为130度,后膝关节无内翻与外翻现象。
小腿---小腿与整个后腿有一定的比例。
跗关节---跗关节与胫骨的夹角大约为140度。
Pestern(球节与蹄间部分)---短。站立时垂直于地面。
后脚---像前脚一样。




步态:步态在比赛中与外观同样重要。步态优美,轻快,流畅,有弹性,移动时贴近地面。前后腿步伐跨度大,后腿驱动能力强,给予足够的推动力。前腿与另一边的后腿移动方向一致。路线呈直线。背部,跗关节保持不动。




皮肤:皮肤紧凑,颜色正确。




毛色:特征---短毛,硬且稠密,光滑,平坦分布在表面,紧贴皮肤,低层毛不被允许。
颜色---黑色犬,红色犬。身上有轮廓分明的铁锈色斑纹。斑纹出现在吻部,面颊,两眼上方,喉部,两块斑纹出现在前胸,四肢的腿脚,大腿内侧,尾部的下方。




尺寸和重量:高度---公犬身高从马肩隆到地面为68——72厘米(26.77——28.34英寸)母犬为63——68厘米(24.8——27.77英寸),属于中型犬。
重量---公犬为40——45公斤(88——99磅),母犬为32——35公斤(70.4——77磅)




缺陷:任何与前述的标准不符的均属缺陷。尤其是比例与角度的问题。
整体外观---缺乏性别特征。太轻,太重,长腿,骨量缺乏。
头部---太强壮,太窄,太短,STOP太过或太浅,罗马鼻,头盖骨与鼻梁不平行。下巴太小,眼睛太圆或长条眼。面颊过于厚重,嘴唇下垂,眉骨突出,深陷的眼睛。耳根位置太高或太低。
脖子---稍短,太短,下垂的皮肉,喉部太多垂肉,母羊脖,脖子太长。
身体---背部不稳固,臀部太倾斜,拱背,凹背,肋骨弯曲太过或太轻,胸深不够或不宽,背部太长,前胸太平。尾根位置太高或太低。腹部上收不够或上收过多。前,后驱的角度不对。肘部外翻或内收。骨位与跗关节的长度与位置和标准不对。鸽子爪,公牛跗关节,张开的脚趾,柔软的脚趾,爪子的颜色太淡。
毛色---斑纹太浅,轮廓不分明,黑色素过多。脚上有黑色的斑块。几乎看不见的斑纹。毛发长,软,粗糙,自然卷曲,或毛量不足,有明显的底层毛。
性情---缺乏自信,羞涩,太过凶猛。
尺寸---高度偏差2厘米(0.78英寸)
步态---摇摆,拘谨,僵硬。




取消资格的缺陷:整体---性别特征不明。
眼睛---鹰眼,两只眼睛颜色不同。
牙齿---地包天或天包地,任何一只缺齿。
毛色---白色斑点,长毛,卷曲毛,毛量严重缺乏。
性情---恐惧,羞涩,紧张,神经质,太过凶暴。
尺寸---超过标准尺寸2厘米(0.78英寸)
NOTE:公犬要有两个正常的睾丸。

一岁就很酷 2005-3-22 21:52

很好哦,我可以拷贝下、来慢慢看

比比特特别 2005-3-22 22:48

多伯曼说得好。

一岁就很酷 2005-3-24 13:21

不仅说的好,狗狗也很可爱

boysmen009 2005-3-24 14:03

新手报道,喜欢杜宾,考虑下半年要一对,只是我在宁波,而且现在在杭州读书,还要省钱,比较麻烦,不过有中意的我一定会努力得到的:)

比比特特别 2005-3-24 18:01

为了实现目标,努力吧。

一岁就很酷 2005-3-24 20:32

你喜欢美系还是德系?

doberman 2005-3-26 19:15

[quote][b]下面是引用boysmen009于2005-03-24 14:03发表的:[/b]
新手报道,喜欢杜宾,考虑下半年要一对,只是我在宁波,而且现在在杭州读书,还要省钱,比较麻烦,不过有中意的我一定会努力得到的:)[/quote]
欢迎新朋友!!
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